3D printing of biofilms

3D printing of biofilms involves creating structured layers of living microbial communities—such as bacteria—that produce a slimy, glue-like substance. Using specialized printers, scientists deposit these microorganisms and their growth materials layer-by-layer, customizing the shape and composition of the biofilm. This technique enables precise control over biofilm architecture, facilitating studies of microbial behavior, development of antimicrobial materials, or engineering of beneficial biofilms for environmental or medical applications. Essentially, it’s like “printing” living, functional microbial structures with detailed design, opening new avenues for biotechnology and research.