3. Wilder Penfield - Neurosurgeon

Wilder Penfield was a pioneering neurosurgeon known for his groundbreaking work in understanding the brain's structure and function. He developed a technique called cortical stimulation, where electrical probes were used to stimulate specific brain areas during surgery, allowing him to identify regions responsible for movement, sensation, and memory. His work significantly advanced neuroscience, helping to map the brain's "homunculus," which illustrates how different body parts are represented in the brain. Penfield's contributions laid the foundation for modern neurology and improved treatments for seizure disorders and other brain conditions.