3. Paul Ehrlich (Chemotherapist)

Paul Ehrlich was a pioneering German scientist known for his work in developing chemotherapeutic agents, particularly for treating infectious diseases and cancer. He introduced the concept of "magic bullets," which are drugs designed to specifically target disease-causing organisms without harming the surrounding tissue. One of his most significant achievements was the discovery of Salvarsan, the first effective treatment for syphilis, in 1910. Ehrlich's innovative ideas laid the groundwork for modern immunology and targeted therapies, profoundly impacting medicine and how we understand and treat diseases. His contributions earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908.