3. Michael R. Bishop - Immunologist

Michael R. Bishop is an immunologist who contributed significantly to our understanding of how the immune system distinguishes between the body's own cells and harmful invaders like viruses and bacteria. His research helped uncover the mechanisms behind immune specificity and tolerance, which prevent the immune system from attacking healthy tissues. Bishop’s work revolutionized immunology and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982, shared with Georges J. F. Köhler. His insights have advanced vaccine development and treatments for autoimmune diseases, improving health outcomes worldwide.