2D Bravais lattices

A 2D Bravais lattice is a repeating pattern of points in a flat plane that extends infinitely in all directions, with each point positioned in the same way relative to its neighbors. These lattices serve as the foundational structure for many two-dimensional materials, such as crystals and minerals. There are exactly five unique lattice types in 2D, each distinguished by their symmetry and geometry: square, rectangular, hexagonal, rhombic (or centered rectangular), and oblique. These patterns determine how atoms are arranged in a material, influencing its properties like strength and conductivity.