20th-century Scotland

20th-century Scotland experienced significant social, political, and economic changes. It moved from an industrial economy focused on coal, steel, and shipbuilding to a more diverse modern economy. The century saw the decline of heavy industry, leading to economic challenges and community shifts. Politically, Scotland gained increased autonomy, culminating in the devolution of powers and the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. Culturally, there was a revival of Scottish identity, language, and arts. The century also faced social challenges, including fluctuations in employment, urban renewal, and debates over independence, shaping Scotland’s modern national character.