20th-century physics

20th-century physics revolutionized our understanding of nature, revealing that matter and energy are interchangeable, leading to Einstein's famous E=mc². It introduced quantum mechanics, explaining phenomena at tiny scales like atoms and particles, where probability replaces certainty. The discovery of relativity showed space and time are intertwined, affected by gravity and motion. These advances changed technology—medical imaging, computers, and nuclear energy—deepening our grasp of the universe from subatomic particles to cosmic scales. Overall, this era transformed physics from classical laws to a modern framework explaining the universe's fundamental workings.