20th Century Church History

20th-century Church history saw significant changes, including the two World Wars, which challenged faith and moral values. The church faced modernism, secularization, and social upheavals but also experienced renewal through movements like Vatican II (1962-1965), which promoted aggiornamento (updating) and increased engagement with contemporary issues. Evangelical growth, Catholic reform, and ecumenism aimed for greater unity among Christian denominations. The century also confronted scandals and shifting cultural attitudes, prompting the Church to adapt in theology, leadership, and outreach, shaping its role in a rapidly changing world.