2002 Timor-Leste Independence

In 2002, Timor-Leste gained independence from Indonesia after decades of struggle. Originally a Portuguese colony, East Timor was invaded by Indonesia in 1975, leading to a prolonged conflict. International pressure and a United Nations-organized referendum in 1999 resulted in the East Timorese people choosing independence. Following a period of transitional governance and peacebuilding efforts, Timor-Leste officially declared itself an independent nation on May 20, 2002, becoming Southeast Asia’s newest country. This marked the beginning of its sovereignty, constitutional development, and nation-building efforts.