2+1 Dimensional Gravity

2+1 dimensional gravity involves a universe with two spatial dimensions and one time dimension. Unlike our 3D world, gravity in this simplified model behaves differently because there are no local gravitational waves or complex curvature—only the effects of mass create a conical deformation in space. This makes it easier to study fundamental aspects of gravity, black holes, and quantum effects, providing insights into how gravity might integrate with quantum theories. Essentially, it offers a streamlined way to explore gravitational phenomena without the complexities present in our familiar three-dimensional universe.