1st and 2nd Chechen Wars

The First Chechen War (1994-1996) was a conflict when Russia attempted to regain control of Chechnya, which had declared independence after the Soviet Union's collapse. The war was brutal, resulting in heavy casualties and destruction, and ended with Chechnya's de facto independence. The Second Chechen War (1999-2009) began when Russia launched a new military campaign to reassert control amid ongoing instability and insurgency. This conflict was marked by intense fighting, terrorism, and a prolonged military presence, ultimately leading to the re-establishment of Russian federal authority over Chechnya. Both wars deeply impacted the region's stability and people.