19th century surveying practices

In the 19th century, surveying involved measuring land boundaries using tools like chains, compasses, and transit levels. Surveyors would mark points and record angles and distances between them, often traveling on foot or horseback. They relied on manual calculations and geometric principles to establish property lines, create maps, and plan infrastructure. Without modern technology, surveys were meticulous and time-consuming, requiring skill and experience to ensure accuracy. These practices laid the groundwork for systematic land management and development during that era.