19th-century railway history

The 19th century marked the rapid expansion of railways, transforming transportation by connecting cities and enabling efficient movement of people and goods. Starting with early steam-powered engines, railways spread across Europe and North America, spurring economic growth and industrialization. Innovations included standardized track gauges and more powerful engines. Railways also influenced social change, making travel accessible and accelerating urban development. The century ultimately saw the shift from initial experimentation to a robust, interconnected network that shaped modern transit systems and economies.