19th-century pedagogy

19th-century pedagogy focused on discipline, rote memorization, and a structured, teacher-centered approach. Education emphasized moral development, obedience, and mastery of facts through repetition and drills. Schools often prioritized uniformity, with little room for creativity or student choice, reflecting societal values of order and discipline. Progressive ideas gradually emerged, advocating for more interactive and student-focused methods, but traditional practices remained dominant throughout much of the century. The era laid the groundwork for modern education systems, balancing strict instruction with early efforts at fostering critical thinking and individual growth.