19th century military architecture

19th-century military architecture evolved with advancements in artillery and warfare tactics. Fortifications shifted from thick stone walls and ramparts to more complex designs like star forts, featuring multiple angled bastions for optimal defense and fire coverage. Innovations included reinforced concrete and entrenched positions, emphasizing flexibility and resilience. These structures aimed to withstand evolving weaponry and provide strategic advantages, integrating natural terrain and modern engineering principles. Overall, 19th-century military architecture reflected a transition from static, medieval-style defenses to adaptable, sophisticated designs suited to contemporary warfare.