19th century Ireland

19th century Ireland was a time of significant social and political change marked by struggles for independence, land reform, and population decline. Under British rule, many Irish faced poverty, eviction, and famine, notably during the Great Irish Famine of the 1840s. The period saw the rise of Irish nationalism and efforts to preserve Irish culture and language. Land reforms gradually transferred land from landlords to tenant farmers, transforming rural life. Urban areas grew as Ireland industrialized some regions, but economic hardship persisted for many. Overall, the century was defining in shaping modern Ireland’s identity, independence movement, and societal structure.