19th century industrialization

Nineteenth-century industrialization was a period when societies shifted from handmade craft production to machine-based manufacturing, primarily in factories. This transformation was driven by technological innovations like the steam engine and mechanized textile machines, which increased production speed and scale. It led to urban growth, new job opportunities, and economic expansion, but also created social challenges like crowded cities and harsh working conditions. Overall, industrialization radically changed how goods were produced and how people lived and worked, setting the foundation for modern economies and urban societies.