19th-century immigration

In the 19th century, immigration to countries like the United States surged as people sought better opportunities, safety, and freedom from upheavals like wars and economic hardship in their homelands. Many came from Europe, including Ireland, Germany, and Italy, fleeing poverty, political unrest, or seeking land and work. Immigrants often settled in rapidly growing cities, contributing to industrialization and urban expansion. This wave of migration shaped national identities, created diverse communities, and sometimes sparked social tension, but ultimately played a vital role in shaping modern societies.