19th-century Artillery

19th-century artillery refers to large guns and cannons used mainly in warfare, evolving from simple cannons to more advanced artillery with rifled barrels and rifled projectiles, increasing accuracy and range. This period saw the transition from smoothbore to rifled guns, steam-powered guns, and the development of mobile artillery like field guns and siege artillery. Innovations improved firepower, targeting, and mobility, playing crucial roles in conflicts such as the Napoleonic Wars and the American Civil War. Artillery became more precise and destructive, transforming military tactics and the scale of battlefield destruction during the century.