1999 East Timor independence referendum

The 1999 East Timor independence referendum was a peaceful vote where the people of East Timor chose to become independent from Indonesia, which had administratively taken control in 1975. Under international supervision, residents voted overwhelmingly for independence, signaling a desire to establish their own nation. In response, pro-Indonesian groups and military forces engaged in violence and destruction to oppose the result. The violence prompted international intervention, leading to a UN-led peacekeeping mission that helped stabilize East Timor. The referendum marked a pivotal moment in East Timor’s journey toward self-determination and sovereignty.