1923

The year 1923 was marked by significant historical events worldwide. In Turkey, the founder of the modern republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, implemented major reforms, establishing a secular government and unpacking the Ottoman Empire's legacy. In Germany, hyperinflation caused prices to skyrocket, destabilizing the economy. Japan experienced a major earthquake, killing thousands and causing widespread destruction. The year also saw cultural advancements, with jazz music gaining popularity and the release of influential literary works. Overall, 1923 was a year of political upheaval, economic challenges, and cultural shifts, shaping the course of global history.