1919-1923 Turkish National Movement

The Turkish National Movement (1919-1923) was a patriotic effort to establish an independent Turkey following Ottoman Empire's defeat in World War I. Led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, it challenged the occupying Allied powers and rejected the Treaty of Sèvres, which aimed to partition Ottoman lands. The movement organized resistance, mobilized Turkish national identity, and ultimately led to the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. It was a critical period of political, social, and military efforts to secure sovereignty and modernize the nation.