1860 Italian unification

The Italian unification in 1860 was a process that combined separate Italian states into one nation. Led by figures like Giuseppe Garibaldi and Count Cavour, it involved strategic diplomacy, military campaigns, and political negotiations. Garibaldi's volunteer army, the "Redshirts," conquered southern Italy, while Cavour worked to unify the north through alliances with France and strategic diplomacy. The goal was to create a single, independent Italy, ending centuries of division among kingdoms, duchies, and city-states. By 1861, Italy officially became a unified kingdom under King Victor Emmanuel II, marking the birth of modern Italy.