1848

The year 1848 was marked by widespread revolutionary movements across Europe, driven by demands for political reform, better living conditions, and national independence. Amid economic hardships, many people challenged monarchies and aristocracies, seeking more democratic governments. Notable events include the French Revolution of 1848, which led to the establishment of the Second French Republic, and uprisings in countries like Italy, Germany, Austria, and Hungary. These revolts, while often suppressed, significantly influenced the push toward modern nation-states, constitutional governance, and social change, shaping Europe's political landscape for years to come.