180-degree rule

The 180-degree rule is a filmmaking guideline that helps maintain spatial orientation for viewers. It states that when filming a scene, the camera should stay on one side of an imaginary line (called the axis of action) between characters or objects. This keeps the camera's position consistent, so characters stay on the same side of the frame, preserving the direction they’re facing. If the rule is broken by crossing this line, it can confuse viewers by making scenes feel disorienting. Following the 180-degree rule helps create clear, logical spatial relationships and smooth storytelling in visual media.