1789 Judiciary Act

The Judiciary Act of 1789 was a foundational law establishing the U.S. federal court system. It created the structure of lower district courts and appellate courts, setting up the framework for how federal cases are handled. The act also defined the powers of these courts and organized the Supreme Court, including the role of the Chief Justice. Essentially, it laid the legal groundwork for the judiciary to function independently within the federal government, ensuring a consistent system for interpreting laws across the country.