1653 Constitution

The 1653 Constitution, also known as the Instrument of Government, was England’s first codified constitution, establishing a republican government after the English Civil War. It created a mixed government with a Lord Protector (Oliver Cromwell), a Parliament, and a Council of State, balancing executive and legislative powers. It aimed to promote stability, religious tolerance, and parliamentary sovereignty. This document marked a shift from monarchy to a constitutional framework, though Cromwell held significant authority. It lasted until 1657, laying groundwork for future constitutional development by formalizing governance structures during a transitional period in English history.