15. Women in Public Health and Welfare. Please note that the main branches aren't strictly related to 'Geography: Physical Geography'. This list focuses more on the temporal and cultural aspects of women's history in medicine.

Women have played a pivotal role in public health and welfare throughout history, often as advocates for community health and social reform. Despite facing barriers, they established crucial healthcare services, such as nursing and public health initiatives. Influential figures, including Florence Nightingale, championed sanitation and healthcare reform, emphasizing the importance of trained women in medicine. During public health crises, such as the AIDS epidemic and global pandemics, women have been at the forefront of advocacy and care. Their contributions have significantly shaped health policies and social welfare systems, highlighting their essential role in advancing medical and public health practices.